Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
2. BHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all
3. CUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
4. DOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered

Serum creatinine comes mainly from:

1. AThe breakdown of old red cells in the spleen
2. BThe normal breakdown of creatine in muscle
3. CThe digestion of protein by gut bacteria
4. DThe breakdown of dietary fat in the liver

About what proportion of total serum calcium is in the free (ionized) form?

1. AAbout one tenth
2. BAlmost none
3. CNearly all
4. DAbout half

Seorang pesakit dengan infusi heparin mempunyai aPTT 110 saat; sasaran protokol ialah 1.5–2.5 kali kawalan 30 saat. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ABeri vitamin K seperti yang ditetapkan dan teruskan infusi
2. BTingkatkan kadar infusi, kerana keputusan berada di atas julat sasaran
3. CIkut protokol heparin, periksa pendarahan dan maklumkan pembekal penjagaan
4. DTeruskan tanpa perubahan dan ulang aPTT pada pagi esok

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ASave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
2. BSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
3. CHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
4. DCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil digoksin mempunyai paras 2.8 ng/mL dan kadar denyutan jantung 52/min. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?

1. ABeri dos berganda untuk membetulkan irama
2. BBeri dos dan semak semula paras dalam sebulan
3. CTahan dos dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
4. DBeri dos, kerana kadar denyutan jantung melebihi 50/min

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA normal finding in sickle cell disease
2. BA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones
3. CAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
4. DIron deficiency from a poor diet over months

Which set of results most strongly suggests hemolytic anemia?

1. ALow hemoglobin, low reticulocytes, low MCV, low ferritin
2. BLow hemoglobin, low platelets, low white cells, low reticulocytes
3. CLow hemoglobin, high MCV, low vitamin B₁₂, normal bilirubin
4. DLow hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH