Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
2. BMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
3. CMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
4. DMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises

Ion manakah ialah anion utama dalam cecair di luar sel?

1. AKlorida
2. BBikarbonat
3. CFosfat
4. DKalium

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the ureters
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the urethra
4. DIn the urinary bladder

A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?

1. AThe right arm
2. BEither arm equally
3. CThe left arm
4. DThe right hand

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. AHbA1c and lipid panel
2. BSerum sodium and chloride
3. CPlatelet count and PT/INR
4. DTSH and free T₄

Which change in clotting tests is normal in late pregnancy?

1. AaPTT doubles from baseline
2. BINR rises to about 3.0
3. CPlatelets rise above 600 × 10³/µL
4. DFibrinogen and D-dimer rise

A patient has a sodium of 150 mEq/L, a glucose of 180 mg/dL and a BUN of 28 mg/dL. Using the formula 2 × Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8, what is the calculated serum osmolality?

1. AAbout 300 mOsm/kg, which is normal
2. BAbout 320 mOsm/kg, which is high
3. CAbout 358 mOsm/kg, which is high
4. DAbout 285 mOsm/kg, which is normal

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil diuretik tiazid mempunyai natrium 129 mEq/L, kalium 3.2 mEq/L dan berasa lemah. Penjelasan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. APesakit mengalami lebihan cecair daripada cecair IV sahaja
2. BKeputusan ini tipikal bagi kegagalan buah pinggang
3. CDiuretik menyebabkan kehilangan natrium dan kalium
4. DPesakit menghidap hiperaldosteronisme primer dengan natrium tinggi