Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. ACigarette smoking
2. BA viral infection
3. CChildhood asthma
4. DEating too much salt

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home
2. BMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
3. CEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
4. DContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour
2. BA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot
3. CThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
4. DThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous adenosine
2. BIntravenous magnesium sulfate
3. CIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
4. DOral digoxin

Selepas perentak jantung kekal dimasukkan, arahan manakah yang lazim diberikan untuk beberapa minggu pertama?

1. AElakkan mengangkat lengan di sebelah itu melebihi paras bahu
2. BMengurut luka dengan kuat dua kali sehari
3. CPastikan lengan benar-benar tidak bergerak dalam anduh selama enam bulan atau lebih
4. DJangan mandi atau membasuh langsung selama enam minggu

Bagaimanakah enoksaparin subkutan daripada picagari pra-isi patut diberikan?

1. AKe dalam abdomen, dengan gelembung udara dibiarkan, tanpa menggosok
2. BKe tapak abdomen yang sama setiap hari, kemudian diurut
3. CSebagai bolus intravena pantas melalui kanula
4. DKe dalam otot deltoid, selepas mengeluarkan gelembung udara terlebih dahulu

A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?

1. AOral aspirin
2. BAn intravenous thrombolytic
3. CAn intravenous fluid bolus
4. DAn intravenous beta-blocker

Seorang pesakit dengan penyakit arteri periferi yang diketahui tiba-tiba mengalami kaki sejuk, putih dan sakit tanpa nadi serta jari kaki kebas. Apakah keutamaan?

1. AMenaikkan kaki di atas bantal dan menghangatkan kaki dengan botol air panas
2. BMenggalakkan berjalan untuk membuka peredaran kolateral
3. CMembuat eskalasi serta-merta sebagai kecemasan; pastikan kaki sama aras, tiada haba
4. DMengenakan bebat mampatan untuk memperbaik peredaran darah