Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AA persistent dry, tickly cough
2. BBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
3. COrange-red colouring of the urine
4. DHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
2. BComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
3. CThat the patient has never met TB
4. DActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now

Dua keadaan manakah yang termasuk dalam penyakit pulmonari obstruktif kronik (COPD)?

1. AAsma dan pneumonia
2. BEmfisema dan bronkitis kronik
3. CBronkiektasis dan fibrosis sistik
4. DFibrosis pulmonari dan sarkoidosis

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be accurate but slower
2. BThe reading will be falsely high
3. CThe reading will be falsely low
4. DOnly the pulse rate will be affected

Why is aspirin chewed rather than swallowed whole in a suspected acute coronary syndrome?

1. AChewing stops the aspirin from irritating the lining of the stomach
2. BChewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
3. CWhole aspirin tablets cannot be absorbed at all from the gut
4. DChewing changes aspirin into an anticoagulant

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
2. BTo keep the pads from burning the skin
3. CTo allow the use of a lower battery charge
4. DTo make the shock less painful for the patient

Seorang pesakit yang menjalani pemasangan stent koronari selepas NSTEMI bertanya mengapa dia mengambil dua ubat antiplatelet. Jawapan manakah yang paling tepat?

1. AUbat kedua melarutkan bekuan yang menyebabkan serangan jantung asal
2. BKedua-dua ubat merendahkan kolesterol supaya sekatan baharu tidak boleh terbentuk
3. CUbat kedua melindungi lapisan perut daripada aspirin
4. DDua laluan disekat, melindungi stent, tetapi risiko pendarahan meningkat

Semasa serangan asma teruk, PaCO₂ pesakit meningkat daripada rendah kepada normal sementara pesakit kelihatan keletihan. Apakah maksudnya?

1. ASampel itu mungkin vena dan boleh diabaikan
2. BSerangan sedang reda dan rawatan boleh dikurangkan
3. CPesakit semakin letih dan kegagalan pernafasan mungkin menyusul
4. DPesakit bernafas laju kerana kebimbangan