Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Intervensi manakah yang paling berkesan memperlahankan perkembangan COPD pada perokok?

1. ABerhenti merokok
2. BAntibiotik oral jangka panjang
3. COksigen jangka panjang di rumah
4. DKortikosteroid oral harian

What does central cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicate?

1. ANormal findings in older adults
2. BLow oxygen saturation of the arterial blood
3. CA high haemoglobin level only
4. DCold hands caused by the room, with normal oxygen levels

Apakah itu oksigen hidung aliran tinggi?

1. AOksigen melalui pelitup muka dengan beg takungan pada 15 L/min
2. BOksigen melalui pelitup muka penuh yang ketat disambungkan kepada ventilator
3. COksigen kering melalui prong hidung piawai pada 1–4 L/min
4. DOksigen yang dipanaskan dan dilembapkan melalui prong hidung sehingga kira-kira 60 L/min

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass I
2. BClass II
3. CClass III
4. DClass IV

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line
2. BJust below the left collarbone
3. COver the left nipple
4. DThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
2. BA swab from the nose only
3. CA single sample after the first week of treatment
4. DSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
2. BA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place
3. CA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
4. DA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall

Selepas kateterisasi jantung melalui arteri radial, penilaian manakah yang paling penting?

1. ABunyi usus dan lilitan abdomen setiap jam selepas ujian
2. BPeredaran darah, deria dan pergerakan tangan, serta tapak tusukan
3. CSaiz anak mata dan tindak balas terhadap cahaya setiap 15 minit
4. DGraviti spesifik air kencing setiap empat jam