Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Kesan sampingan gliseril trinitrat (nitrogliserin) manakah yang paling lazim?

1. ABengkak buku lali
2. BBatuk kering
3. CSakit kepala
4. DSembelit

Which electrolyte do ACE inhibitors commonly raise?

1. AMagnesium
2. BPotassium
3. CSodium
4. DCalcium

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
2. BA persistent dry, tickly cough
3. CBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
2. BExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
3. CExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
4. DExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
2. BStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
3. CA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
4. DA chest X-ray

Seorang pesakit asma menggunakan inhaler pelegaannya lebih daripada tiga kali seminggu. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. AAsma terkawal dengan baik dengan pelan semasa
2. BInhaler pelega tidak lagi berfungsi dan patut dihentikan
3. CInhaler pencegah tidak lagi diperlukan
4. DKawalan asma lemah dan rawatan perlu disemak semula

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AAsthma triggered by the infection
2. BAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
3. CA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
4. DNormal recovery from pneumonia

Seorang pesakit hipertensi yang diketahui mempunyai TD 186/112 mmHg tanpa gejala dan tanpa tanda kerosakan organ. Respons manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AMemberikan bolus antihipertensif IV untuk mencapai 120/80 mmHg dalam masa 15 minit
2. BMemanggil pasukan henti jantung dan bersedia untuk intubasi
3. CTidak mengambil sebarang tindakan, kerana pesakit berasa sihat dan tiada gejala
4. DMenyemaknya semula, melaporkannya dan menjangkakan rawatan oral selama beberapa jam hingga hari