Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which symptom lasting more than three weeks is a classic warning sign of laryngeal cancer?

1. APersistent hoarseness of the voice
2. BOccasional hiccups
3. CItching of the eyes
4. DMild sneezing and a runny nose in the morning

What is a thoracentesis?

1. ARemoving a lobe of the lung
2. BRemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle
3. CMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube
4. DInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the alveoli
2. BAt the larynx
3. CAt the epiglottis
4. DAt the carina

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AA large oral dose of digoxin
2. BChest compressions until the rate slows
3. CAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
4. DVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
4. DBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
4. DDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
2. BAn obese patient after hip surgery
3. CA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
4. DA patient with cancer having bowel surgery

Seorang pesakit COPD dengan pelitup muka Venturi 28% (SpO₂ 90%) ingin makan. Apakah pelan yang paling sesuai?

1. AMengekalkan pelitup muka Venturi dan memberikan cecair sahaja melalui straw
2. BBertukar kepada pelitup muka bukan-sedut-semula pada 15 L/min semasa makan
3. CMengeluarkan semua oksigen semasa makan dan memasangnya semula selepas itu
4. DBertukar kepada kanula hidung pada aliran rendah, mengekalkan SpO₂ pada 88–92%