Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Ubat manakah yang lazim digunakan untuk memperlahankan kadar jantung dalam fibrilasi atrium?

1. AAmlodipin (penyekat saluran kalsium dihidropiridin)
2. BAtorvastatin (statin)
3. CFurosemid (diuretik gelung)
4. DBisoprolol (penyekat beta)

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. AA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
2. BOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
3. CBlurred vision or changes in colour vision
4. DNumbness and tingling of the feet and hands

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AA bacterial infection of the alveoli
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
4. DAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
3. CBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
4. DA cold, white foot with no pulse

Seorang pesakit mempunyai peptida natriuretik jenis-B (BNP atau NT-proBNP) yang meningkat. Apakah yang terutamanya dicerminkan oleh ini?

1. AKerosakan iskemia pada otot jantung
2. BKeradangan hati akibat kongesti
3. CKerosakan otot rangka selepas jatuh
4. DRegangan dan beban lebihan tekanan pada ventrikel

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil bisoprolol dan diltiazem berasa pening, dengan kadar jantung 38/min dan TD 82/50 mmHg. Apakah respons pertama yang paling sesuai?

1. AMerekodkan pemerhatian dan menyemaknya semula dalam empat jam
2. BMembawa pesakit berjalan di sekeliling wad untuk menaikkan kadar jantung
3. CMemberikan dos seterusnya kedua-dua ubat lebih awal untuk mengekalkan kadar jantung yang stabil
4. DMemanggil bantuan segera, menilai ABCDE dan memasang monitor jantung

As the defibrillator charges, a nurse sees a colleague still holding the patient's bed rail. What should the nurse do?

1. ATurn off the defibrillator and start a new cycle of CPR
2. BDeliver the shock now, as the bed rail is not part of the patient
3. CCall clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
4. DAsk the colleague to hold the patient's hand instead