Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What does an SpO₂ reading measure?

1. AThe percentage of haemoglobin carrying oxygen
2. BThe total haemoglobin level
3. CThe oxygen level in the brain
4. DThe amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. ACorynebacterium diphtheriae
2. BPseudomonas aeruginosa
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DStaphylococcus aureus

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. ABlood flowing quickly into the atria
2. BThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
3. CClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4. DClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
2. BIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
3. CIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
4. DIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling

Mengapakah pelitup muka ringkas tidak patut digunakan dengan aliran oksigen di bawah kira-kira 5 L/min?

1. AOksigen tidak boleh dilembapkan pada aliran rendah
2. BPelitup muka menyampaikan terlalu banyak oksigen pada aliran rendah
3. CTali elastik terlalu longgar pada aliran rendah
4. DCO₂ yang dihembus boleh terkumpul dalam pelitup muka dan disedut semula

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
2. BA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
3. CAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
4. DA clear runny nose

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. ATake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
2. BStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
3. CStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop
4. DReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
2. BIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
3. CStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases