Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AAllergic rhinitis
2. BPneumococcal pneumonia
3. CA viral common cold
4. DOral thrush

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA rising level of oxygen in the blood
2. BA falling level of potassium in the blood
3. CA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
4. DA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood

What does central cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicate?

1. ANormal findings in older adults
2. BLow oxygen saturation of the arterial blood
3. CA high haemoglobin level only
4. DCold hands caused by the room, with normal oxygen levels

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
2. BTake a beta-blocker before exercise
3. CExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
4. DAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
2. BStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
3. CTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
4. DAvoid all potassium-containing foods

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AHold the breath for as long as possible
2. BLie flat on the back with the legs straight
3. CHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
4. DAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ANurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
2. BUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
3. CLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
4. DGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night

A nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
2. B"If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day."
3. C"I will have regular INR blood tests."
4. D"I will check before taking any new medicines or herbal remedies."