Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
2. BClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
3. CBlood flowing quickly into the atria
4. DClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. ASwelling of both ankles
2. BA fast, irregular heart rate
3. CA persistent dry cough
4. DA productive cough with green sputum

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. AIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
2. BLoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
3. CIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets
4. DIn their original container, away from heat and light

Seorang pesakit takikardia supraventrikular akan menerima adenosin IV. Apakah yang patut diberitahu oleh jururawat kepada pesakit?

1. ASakit kepala yang berlarutan selama beberapa hari selepas itu
2. BMuka kemerahan atau dada terasa ketat seketika dan jeda selama beberapa saat
3. CSakit terbakar di sepanjang vena lengan selama kira-kira seminggu
4. DRasa mengantuk selama beberapa jam, pertuturan pelat dan kekeliruan selepas itu

Pernyataan manakah tentang spacer untuk inhaler dos terukur yang betul?

1. AIa direka untuk digunakan dengan inhaler serbuk kering
2. BKurang koordinasi diperlukan, dan lebih banyak ubat sampai ke paru-paru
3. CIa bermakna inhaler pencegah steroid boleh dihentikan sepenuhnya
4. DIa menjadikan setiap sedutan ubat lebih kuat daripada biasa

After varicose vein surgery, which advice is usually given?

1. AAvoid all walking until the bruising has gone
2. BStay in bed for two weeks with the legs hanging down
3. CStand still for long periods to help the veins heal
4. DWear the compression stockings as advised and walk regularly

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
4. DGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
2. BSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases
3. CStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
4. DStopping now will make the operation more dangerous