Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a carcinoma?

1. AA cancer arising from bone or muscle
2. BA cancer of white blood cells
3. CA benign growth of fatty tissue
4. DA cancer arising from epithelial cells

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
2. BCough and breathlessness
3. CHair loss from the scalp
4. DDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards

Apakah itu kesakitan menerobos (breakthrough pain)?

1. AKesakitan yang mencetus walaupun analgesia latar tetap diberikan
2. BKesakitan yang dirasai hanya semasa pembedahan
3. CKesakitan yang telah hilang sepenuhnya dengan rawatan tetap
4. DKesakitan yang disebabkan hanya oleh alahan terhadap analgesik

Apakah peranan sekatan natrium dan spironolakton dalam sirosis?

1. AUntuk mengurangkan pengekalan natrium dan air serta mengawal asites
2. BUntuk menaikkan tekanan darah dan memperbaik aliran darah buah pinggang
3. CUntuk meningkatkan kehilangan kalium dan mencegah hiperkalemia
4. DUntuk merendahkan ammonia darah dan merawat ensefalopati

What is a Curling's ulcer?

1. AA stress ulcer of the stomach or duodenum after a major burn
2. BA burn on the sole of the foot
3. CA leg ulcer caused by venous disease after long bed rest
4. DA pressure ulcer under a splint that has been left on too long

Dalam tempoh manakah selepas pembedahan dehisens luka paling berkemungkinan berlaku?

1. ALebih setahun selepas pembedahan
2. BDalam jam pertama
3. CHanya semasa pembedahan
4. DKira-kira 5–10 hari selepas pembedahan

A patient with long-standing chronic pancreatitis now has weight loss, thirst and passing large volumes of urine. What should the nurse check first?

1. APeak expiratory flow
2. BSerum amylase level
3. CCapillary blood glucose
4. DAbdominal girth

A nurse teaches a patient after a laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I should eat smaller meals for a while after the operation."
2. B"I'll eat soft, moist food at first and chew it well."
3. C"Some difficulty swallowing can happen in the early weeks."
4. D"Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."