Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
4. DStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed

Bagaimanakah output ileostomi biasanya berbeza daripada output kolostomi sigmoid?

1. AKedua-duanya menghasilkan gas dan mukus sahaja
2. BOutput ileostomi berbentuk tahi; output kolostomi berbentuk cecair
3. CKedua-duanya menghasilkan najis berbentuk sekali sehari
4. DOutput ileostomi berbentuk cecair; output kolostomi berbentuk tahi

In widely used guidelines, which core temperature defines perioperative hypothermia?

1. ABelow 32.0 °C
2. BBelow 38.0 °C
3. CBelow 36.0 °C
4. DBelow 37.5 °C

Before an anti-TNF biologic such as infliximab is started for Crohn's disease, which screening is essential?

1. AA bone density scan
2. BA test of colour vision
3. CA test for coeliac disease
4. DScreening for tuberculosis

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo protect the kidneys from damage
2. BTo raise the blood pressure during treatment
3. CTo make the drug less effective
4. DTo prevent hair loss

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. ASystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
2. BPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly
3. CStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
4. DAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA simple lower urinary tract infection
2. BBowel preparation that was taken too quickly
3. CA kidney stone blocking the ureter
4. DA fistula between the colon and the bladder

A nurse teaches a patient about a fentanyl skin patch. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll fold used patches sticky sides together before disposal."
2. B"I can cut the patch in half if I need less."
3. C"I'll put the new patch on a different area of skin."
4. D"I won't put a hot water bottle over the patch."