Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Mengapakah pesakit diminta berpuasa sebelum anestesia am?

1. AUntuk mengurangkan risiko aspirasi kandungan perut
2. BUntuk memudahkan usus dilihat pada imbasan
3. CUntuk mengekalkan aras glukosa darah lebih tinggi daripada biasa
4. DUntuk mengurangkan pendarahan semasa pembedahan

Bunyi usus manakah yang tipikal pada awal sekatan usus kecil mekanikal?

1. ABunyi yang tiada sepenuhnya sejak awal
2. BGeseran pleura
3. CBunyi berkeroncong yang perlahan dan normal
4. DBunyi bernada tinggi, berdenting

What is a skin graft donor site?

1. AA blood vessel used to give fluids
2. BThe area where the graft was placed on the burn wound
3. CA scar that has fully matured
4. DA wound where healthy skin was taken for grafting

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo remove any feed left in the stomach
4. DTo check that the patient is still hungry

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. AJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
2. BPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
3. CRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
4. DNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. ABleeding only from the rectum
2. BDisease that is cured by removing the colon
3. CInflammation limited to the rectal lining
4. DFistulas between the bowel and other organs

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA side effect of anti-sickness drugs
2. BSuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour
3. CHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases
4. DCardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
2. BIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
3. CIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
4. DIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more