Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Dua punca manakah yang menyebabkan kebanyakan kes pankreatitis akut?

1. ASelesema virus dan tekanan
2. BMerokok dan obesiti
3. CSerat tinggi dan dehidrasi
4. DBatu hempedu dan alkohol

Which is a role of the scrub practitioner in theatre?

1. AObtaining the patient's surgical consent
2. BPreparing and passing sterile instruments
3. CGiving the anaesthetic drugs to the patient
4. DMoving equipment outside the sterile field only

Where is biliary colic typically felt?

1. AIn the right upper abdomen, often after a fatty meal
2. BIn the left lower abdomen, after passing stool
3. CIn the lower back, after lifting something heavy
4. DIn the groin, after standing for a long time

Seorang pesakit dengan konduit ileal (urostomi) bimbang tentang mukus dalam air kencing. Apakah penjelasan yang betul?

1. AIa normal, kerana konduit dibuat daripada usus kecil
2. BIa bermakna stoma gagal dan memerlukan pembedahan
3. CIa menunjukkan sekatan usus sedang berkembang
4. DIa tanda batu karang buah pinggang dan mesti dilaporkan hari ini

Which diet is usually recommended for a patient with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy?

1. AOnly clear fluids for several weeks
2. BNo food at all until the confusion settles
3. CA very low-protein diet for the rest of their life to lower ammonia
4. DNormal protein and enough calories, with a late-evening snack

A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?

1. AFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
2. BUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
3. CPush the guidewire back in to clear it
4. DCut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ASit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
2. BLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
3. COffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
4. DMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. AIt is only a muscle strain from walking
2. BThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
3. CCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
4. DCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy