Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. AHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
2. BSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
3. CNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
4. DRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill

Mengapakah jaundis berkembang dalam penyakit hati?

1. ABuah pinggang menghasilkan terlalu banyak urea untuk badan
2. BBilirubin terkumpul kerana hati tidak dapat membersihkannya
3. CHati menghasilkan terlalu banyak sel darah merah sekali gus
4. DPigmen kuning daripada makanan disimpan dalam kulit

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. AUndigested food from several days ago
2. BBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
3. CA side effect of drinking strong coffee
4. DBlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid

Which is a usual benefit of laparoscopic over open abdominal surgery?

1. ANo risk of any complications at all
2. BLess pain and a shorter hospital stay
3. CNo need for a general anaesthetic ever
4. DLarger wounds that heal faster

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
2. BThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
3. CThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
4. DThey kill the normal bowel bacteria

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. AMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
2. BRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
3. CKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
4. DEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away

A nurse teaches a patient going home between chemotherapy cycles. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll wash my hands often and avoid people with infections."
2. B"If I get a fever, I'll take paracetamol and see if it settles."
3. C"I'll check my temperature whenever I feel hot, shivery or unwell."
4. D"I'll keep the emergency number and call if I feel shivery."

During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
2. BLay the patient flat to help them rest
3. CGive a drink of water to clear the throat
4. DIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner