Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which three principles reduce staff radiation exposure when caring for a patient with a sealed radiation source?

1. AGloves, gown and mask
2. BTime, distance and shielding
3. CSpeed, noise and lighting
4. DHeat, light and humidity

What is a parastomal hernia?

1. AA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma
2. BA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
3. CA narrowing of the stoma opening
4. DA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin

When should pain be reassessed after giving analgesia?

1. ANever, as one assessment is enough
2. BOnly if the patient asks for more analgesia
3. COnly at the next routine observation round the next day
4. DWhen the drug is expected to have taken effect

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
2. BIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
3. CIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
4. DIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
2. BKeeping the room dark during the day
3. CGiving a sleeping tablet every night
4. DMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom

Mengapakah urea mungkin meningkat jauh lebih banyak daripada kreatinin pada pesakit pendarahan GI atas?

1. AKreatinin hilang daripada badan dalam muntah
2. BDarah yang dihadam ialah beban protein yang meningkatkan urea
3. CUrea dihasilkan oleh lapisan perut yang berdarah
4. DPendarahan sentiasa merosakkan tubul buah pinggang secara langsung

A patient with long-standing chronic pancreatitis now has weight loss, thirst and passing large volumes of urine. What should the nurse check first?

1. AAbdominal girth
2. BSerum amylase level
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DCapillary blood glucose

Pada hari ke-2 selepas pembedahan abdomen atas, seorang pesakit mempunyai suhu 37.8 °C, SpO₂ 93% pada udara bilik dan bunyi nafas berkurang di kedua-dua dasar. Mereka tidak menggunakan spirometer insentif kerana kesakitan. Apakah pelan kejururawatan yang paling sesuai?

1. AMemastikan pesakit di katil dan menyekat pergerakan sehingga demam reda
2. BMenghentikan semua analgesia supaya pesakit boleh batuk dengan lebih kuat
3. CKawalan kesakitan yang lebih baik, duduk tegak, pernafasan dalam, mobilisasi dan melapor
4. DMemberikan oksigen pada 15 L/min dan membiarkan pesakit berehat dengan tenang