Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the sole of the foot under the heel
2. BAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area
3. COn the tips of the toes and between the toes
4. DOn the front of the thigh

Which drug reverses the effects of opioids?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BProtamine
3. CNaloxone
4. DVitamin K

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans
2. BMild bloating before a period
3. CA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
4. DOne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
2. BTo decide which meal the patient will have next
3. CTo record when visitors come and go
4. DTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. APalliative radiotherapy to the area
2. BComplete bed rest for a month
3. CIron supplements by mouth for several months
4. DA diet low in calcium and vitamin D

Dysphagia that started with solids and now includes liquids, with weight loss, most suggests which cause?

1. AA narrowing such as an oesophageal tumour
2. BA dry mouth from drinking too little water
3. CSimple anxiety about swallowing tablets
4. DNormal ageing of the swallowing muscles

During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?

1. AA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only
2. BA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
3. CNormal ageing; no action needed
4. DRadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
2. BSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
3. CMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
4. DLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer