Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ARising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
2. BNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
3. CSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
4. DHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
2. BIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
3. CIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy
4. DIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AScoring the severity of nausea
2. BAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
3. CMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
4. DGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it

Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?

1. AIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose
2. BPregnancy always makes surgery impossible
3. CPregnant women cannot sign consent forms
4. DAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus

Mengapakah lecuran superfisial (kemerahan sahaja, seperti terbakar matahari) tidak dikira apabila mengira luas lecuran untuk resusitasi cecair?

1. AIa sentiasa sembuh sepenuhnya dalam sehari
2. BIa sentiasa terlalu kecil untuk diukur dengan tepat pada carta
3. CSawar kulit utuh, jadi sedikit cecair hilang
4. DIa menyebabkan lebih banyak kehilangan cecair daripada kedalaman lain

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
2. BIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
3. CAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
4. DThe air always makes the tube block

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. AA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit
2. BFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray
3. CFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
4. DTall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG

A patient arrives in recovery with a temperature of 35.2 °C and is shivering. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AStart active warming and monitor the temperature
2. BGive cold IV fluids to settle the shivering
3. CRemove all blankets to let the body adjust
4. DSend the patient to the ward to warm up there under extra blankets