Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope
2. BThe patient's age when diagnosed
3. CHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery
4. DHow far the cancer has spread in the body

What is an ERCP?

1. AAn open operation to remove the gallbladder
2. BAn endoscopic test to view and treat the bile and pancreatic ducts
3. CA blood test that measures pancreatic enzymes
4. DA CT scan of the abdomen without contrast

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
2. BGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DUse only one drug at a time, never in combination

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AFlush the line only when it blocks
2. BUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
3. CLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
4. DAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. APreventing nausea works better than treating it later
2. BThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
3. CThey cannot be given once nausea has started
4. DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
4. DDo intensive sit-ups from the first week

A patient's platelet count is 18 × 10⁹/L (18,000/µL). Which order should the nurse question?

1. AOral paracetamol for headache
2. BA soft diet with mouthwashes
3. CDaily full blood count
4. DAn intramuscular injection

An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?

1. AA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
2. BAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
3. CA stool softener with a stimulant laxative
4. DA stimulant laxative taken regularly