Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a spinal anaesthetic?

1. ALocal anaesthetic cream rubbed on the skin
2. BA general anaesthetic gas breathed through a mask
3. CLocal anaesthetic injected into the CSF in the lower back
4. DA sedative tablet taken the night before

Bagaimanakah rupa stoma yang sihat?

1. APucat dan sejuk
2. BUngu atau kelam dan kering
3. CKering dan hitam
4. DLembap dan merah atau merah jambu

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. AJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
2. BRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
3. CPlacing a stent in the bile duct
4. DRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
2. BSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
3. CThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
4. DSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery

Mengapakah analgesia tetap (berjadual) sering diutamakan berbanding dos “mengikut keperluan” pada hari-hari pertama selepas pembedahan besar?

1. AIa mencegah sepenuhnya semua kesan sampingan opioid
2. BIa menyingkirkan keperluan untuk menilai kesakitan pesakit pada siang hari
3. CIa membenarkan dos melebihi had maksimum harian diberikan
4. DIa mengekalkan aras ubat yang stabil dan mencegah kemuncak kesakitan yang teruk

A patient takes co-codamol at home (a combination tablet sold under different names in different countries). Why should the nurse check this before giving regular paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

1. ACo-codamol stops paracetamol from working
2. BCo-codamol must be stopped a week before any paracetamol
3. CIt already contains paracetamol, so overdose could occur
4. DParacetamol and codeine cause a severe allergic reaction when combined

Pengurusan manakah yang pada amnya disyorkan untuk eskar hitam yang stabil, kering dan utuh pada tumit pesakit dengan peredaran darah yang lemah?

1. AMerendamnya dalam air setiap hari untuk melembutkannya
2. BMembuangnya dengan debridemen tajam di sisi katil hari ini
3. CMembiarkannya utuh, melegakan tekanan pada tumit dan merujuk untuk semakan
4. DMenutupnya dengan bebat mampatan yang ketat

A patient arrives in the anaesthetic room without an identity band. What should the nurse do?

1. AProceed and add a band once in recovery
2. BStop and confirm identity, then apply a band
3. CProceed because the patient can say their name
4. DUse the spare identity band from the front of the patient's notes folder