Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
2. BGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it
3. CMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
4. DScoring the severity of nausea

Mengapakah pesakit diminta berpuasa sebelum anestesia am?

1. AUntuk mengekalkan aras glukosa darah lebih tinggi daripada biasa
2. BUntuk memudahkan usus dilihat pada imbasan
3. CUntuk mengurangkan risiko aspirasi kandungan perut
4. DUntuk mengurangkan pendarahan semasa pembedahan

What is the main purpose of marking the surgical site before an operation?

1. ATo record the patient's allergy status
2. BTo show where the skin should be shaved
3. CTo tell the porter which theatre to go to
4. DTo prevent surgery on the wrong side or site

Apakah peranan sekatan natrium dan spironolakton dalam sirosis?

1. AUntuk meningkatkan kehilangan kalium dan mencegah hiperkalemia
2. BUntuk mengurangkan pengekalan natrium dan air serta mengawal asites
3. CUntuk menaikkan tekanan darah dan memperbaik aliran darah buah pinggang
4. DUntuk merendahkan ammonia darah dan merawat ensefalopati

Pernyataan manakah tentang pemakanan dalam pankreatitis akut ringan yang sesuai dengan garis panduan semasa?

1. APesakit patut diberi makan melalui nutrisi parenteral sahaja
2. BPemakanan oral boleh bermula semula awal, sebaik sahaja kesakitan dan loya membenarkan
3. CPesakit mesti berpuasa sekurang-kurangnya tiga minggu untuk merehatkan pankreas
4. DMakanan ditahan sehingga amilase kembali normal

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AFlush the line only when it blocks
2. BAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line
3. CUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
4. DLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed

An hour after a line flush, a patient receiving parenteral nutrition has rigors and a temperature of 39.1 °C. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AFluid overload; reduce the infusion rate only
2. BA normal reaction; give paracetamol and continue the infusion
3. CLine infection; escalate and take blood cultures
4. DLow blood glucose; give a sugary drink

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. AHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
2. BHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
3. CDiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
4. DRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose