Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a PICC line?

1. AA central venous catheter inserted through a vein in the arm
2. BA catheter placed in the bladder through the lower abdominal wall
3. CA short cannula in a vein on the back of the hand
4. DA tube inserted into the stomach through the abdomen

Which is a main benefit of early mobilisation after surgery?

1. ALower risk of chest infection and blood clots
2. BIt prevents all postoperative pain
3. CFaster absorption of the anaesthetic gas
4. DLess need to check the wound at all

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. AHeavy weightlifting to build strength
2. BHolding the breath for as long as possible
3. CDeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises
4. DLong-distance running every day

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
4. DThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores

A patient takes co-codamol at home (a combination tablet sold under different names in different countries). Why should the nurse check this before giving regular paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

1. AIt already contains paracetamol, so overdose could occur
2. BCo-codamol stops paracetamol from working
3. CParacetamol and codeine cause a severe allergic reaction when combined
4. DCo-codamol must be stopped a week before any paracetamol

Mengapakah pesakit sirosis berisiko lebih tinggi untuk pendarahan?

1. ASirosis meningkatkan kiraan platelet, yang menjadikan platelet lebih lemah
2. BHati yang berparut membebaskan bahan antikoagulan seperti heparin ke dalam darah
3. CTekanan darah arteri yang tinggi dalam sirosis menyebabkan saluran pecah
4. DFaktor pembekuan yang lebih sedikit, platelet rendah dan varises akibat hipertensi portal

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
2. BWait until a relative can confirm the pain
3. CAssume there is no pain because none is reported
4. DUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess

Pada hari ke-3 selepas lecuran besar, pesakit mula mengeluarkan air kencing dalam jumlah besar. Masalah elektrolit manakah yang patut dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. AHiperkalemia, apabila kerosakan tisu baharu membebaskan kalium
2. BHipokalemia, apabila cecair kembali ke dalam peredaran
3. CHipernatremia, apabila buah pinggang mula mengekalkan natrium
4. DHiperkalsemia, disebabkan rehat di katil dan imobilisasi