Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 12 hours before
2. BUp to 24 hours before
3. CUp to 2 hours before
4. DUp to 10 minutes before

Apakah itu kesakitan menerobos (breakthrough pain)?

1. AKesakitan yang disebabkan hanya oleh alahan terhadap analgesik
2. BKesakitan yang dirasai hanya semasa pembedahan
3. CKesakitan yang telah hilang sepenuhnya dengan rawatan tetap
4. DKesakitan yang mencetus walaupun analgesia latar tetap diberikan

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ARecent antibiotic treatment
2. BDrinking bottled water
3. CA diet high in fibre
4. DRegular exercise

How is the height of an epidural sensory block usually checked?

1. ATapping the knee with a reflex hammer and recording the score
2. BMeasuring the patient's blood glucose level
3. CChecking the colour of the patient's urine
4. DTesting sensation to cold with ice or a cold spray

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
2. BSet up a private setting with enough time
3. CGive all treatment options before checking understanding
4. DGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor

Pendekatan manakah terhadap pemindahan sel darah merah pada pesakit stabil dengan pendarahan GI yang sesuai dengan bukti semasa?

1. AMemindahkan dua unit secara rutin sebelum setiap endoskopi
2. BMemindahkan darah kepada semua orang untuk mengekalkan hemoglobin melebihi 150 g/L sepanjang masa
3. CAmbang restriktif, selalunya sekitar 70 g/L, pada kebanyakan pesakit stabil
4. DTidak pernah memindahkan darah, apa pun hemoglobin atau gejalanya

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. AHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
2. BDiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
3. CRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose
4. DHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed

An incontinent patient has diffuse, shiny, red and broken skin in the natal cleft and buttocks with irregular edges, not over a bony prominence. What is most likely?

1. AA category 4 pressure ulcer over the sacrum
2. BA full-thickness burn
3. CAn arterial ulcer caused by poor circulation
4. DIncontinence-associated dermatitis