Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Apakah itu kesakitan menerobos (breakthrough pain)?

1. AKesakitan yang disebabkan hanya oleh alahan terhadap analgesik
2. BKesakitan yang mencetus walaupun analgesia latar tetap diberikan
3. CKesakitan yang telah hilang sepenuhnya dengan rawatan tetap
4. DKesakitan yang dirasai hanya semasa pembedahan

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. ARemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
2. BJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
3. CPlacing a stent in the bile duct
4. DRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
2. BAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
3. CFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum
4. DFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body

Pernyataan manakah yang paling baik menerangkan toleransi terhadap opioid?

1. AUbat tidak lagi menyebabkan sebarang sembelit
2. BPesakit telah mengalami alahan terhadap ubat
3. CPesakit mempunyai keinginan kompulsif untuk lebih banyak ubat
4. DDos yang lebih tinggi diperlukan dari semasa ke semasa untuk kesan yang sama

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
2. BA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
3. CIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
4. DA shallow wound into the dermis only

Dysphagia that started with solids and now includes liquids, with weight loss, most suggests which cause?

1. ANormal ageing of the swallowing muscles
2. BA narrowing such as an oesophageal tumour
3. CSimple anxiety about swallowing tablets
4. DA dry mouth from drinking too little water

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ATeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
2. BAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery
3. CRecording baseline vital signs
4. DDeciding whether abnormal results need reporting

Seorang pesakit yang menerima filgrastim (G-CSF) selepas kemoterapi bertanya kesan sampingan apa yang patut dijangka. Kesan sampingan manakah yang paling lazim?

1. AKeguguran rambut sepenuhnya dalam beberapa hari selepas suntikan pertama
2. BKehilangan pendengaran yang kekal
3. CSakit tulang yang menyengat, kerana sumsum tulang dirangsang
4. DPenurunan pantas kiraan sel darah putih