Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which feature is typical of ulcerative colitis?

1. AInflammation limited to the oesophagus
2. BContinuous inflammation starting at the rectum
3. CInflammation of the full thickness of the small bowel
4. DPatchy inflammation anywhere from mouth to anus

What is the purpose of anti-embolism stockings for surgical patients?

1. ATo keep the legs warm in theatre
2. BTo reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis
3. CTo prevent pressure ulcers on the heels
4. DTo lower the blood pressure after surgery

When should pain be reassessed after giving analgesia?

1. ANever, as one assessment is enough
2. BOnly if the patient asks for more analgesia
3. CWhen the drug is expected to have taken effect
4. DOnly at the next routine observation round the next day

Which practice is correct when giving parenteral nutrition through a central line?

1. ALet the bag hang at room temperature for several days
2. BDisconnect and reconnect the line without cleaning the hub
3. CGive other IV drugs through the same lumen to save time
4. DUse a dedicated lumen and strict aseptic technique

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
2. BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
3. CSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
4. DThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis

Mengapakah urea mungkin meningkat jauh lebih banyak daripada kreatinin pada pesakit pendarahan GI atas?

1. AKreatinin hilang daripada badan dalam muntah
2. BDarah yang dihadam ialah beban protein yang meningkatkan urea
3. CUrea dihasilkan oleh lapisan perut yang berdarah
4. DPendarahan sentiasa merosakkan tubul buah pinggang secara langsung

Kulit di sekeliling ileostomi pesakit merah, mentah dan mengeluarkan cecair, dan beg kerap bocor. Apakah punca yang paling mungkin?

1. AAlahan terhadap najis itu sendiri, yang memerlukan steroid
2. BOutput pada kulit, selalunya akibat perkakas yang tidak muat dengan baik
3. CIskemia stoma, yang memerlukan pembedahan segera
4. DTindak balas normal yang tidak memerlukan perubahan penjagaan

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
3. CIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
4. DIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose