Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a carcinoma?

1. AA benign growth of fatty tissue
2. BA cancer of white blood cells
3. CA cancer arising from epithelial cells
4. DA cancer arising from bone or muscle

Which symptom is typical of haemorrhoids?

1. AVomiting of dark, coffee-ground material
2. BBright red blood on the paper after opening the bowels
3. CYellow skin, dark urine and pale stools that float in the toilet
4. DBlack, tarry stools with a strong smell

What is brachytherapy?

1. AChemotherapy given slowly into a vein over several hours each day
2. BRadiotherapy from a sealed source placed in or next to the tumour
3. CSurgery to remove a tumour through a small incision
4. DRadiotherapy given by a machine from outside the body

Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?

1. ATake aspirin regularly for headaches
2. BUse a razor blade for shaving every day
3. CUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
4. DFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. ATake a codeine-based painkiller every day
2. BSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
3. CEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
4. DEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
2. BStop eating fibre completely
3. CWait until there has been no stool for a week
4. DStart a regular laxative at the same time

An hour after a line flush, a patient receiving parenteral nutrition has rigors and a temperature of 39.1 °C. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AA normal reaction; give paracetamol and continue the infusion
2. BFluid overload; reduce the infusion rate only
3. CLow blood glucose; give a sugary drink
4. DLine infection; escalate and take blood cultures

A patient on warfarin has a major upper GI bleed with an INR of 5. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate to reverse the warfarin?

1. AMore warfarin to stabilise the INR
2. BProtamine sulfate on its own
3. CProthrombin complex concentrate with IV vitamin K
4. DOral aspirin to balance the clotting system quickly