Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ASharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
2. BPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
3. CBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)
4. DCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen

What is lymphoedema?

1. AInflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and armpits from a virus
2. BFluid in the lungs from heart failure
3. CSwelling from poor lymph drainage, for example after node removal
4. DSwelling from a broken bone in the arm

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. ABile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
2. BBlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
3. CUndigested food from several days ago
4. DA side effect of drinking strong coffee

Pernyataan manakah tentang analgesia multimodal yang betul?

1. AIa kaedah yang digunakan hanya untuk kesakitan kronik jangka panjang
2. BBeberapa opioid berbeza digabungkan untuk kesan keseluruhan yang lebih kuat
3. CUbat dengan tindakan berbeza digabungkan untuk mengurangkan keperluan opioid
4. DHanya satu analgesik patut diberikan pada satu masa

Which nursing intervention best reduces preoperative anxiety?

1. ATelling the patient that there is nothing to worry about
2. BAvoiding talking about the operation at all
3. CExplaining what will happen and answering questions
4. DKeeping family members away until after surgery

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
4. DThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. AAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals
2. BBook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
3. CRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
4. DGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour

Pengurusan manakah yang pada amnya disyorkan untuk eskar hitam yang stabil, kering dan utuh pada tumit pesakit dengan peredaran darah yang lemah?

1. AMenutupnya dengan bebat mampatan yang ketat
2. BMembiarkannya utuh, melegakan tekanan pada tumit dan merujuk untuk semakan
3. CMembuangnya dengan debridemen tajam di sisi katil hari ini
4. DMerendamnya dalam air setiap hari untuk melembutkannya