Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe sacrum and the heels
2. BThe forearms and the knees
3. CThe palms and the forehead
4. DThe thighs and the upper arms

Why is a temporary loop ileostomy often formed after a low bowel resection?

1. ATo divert stool while the join further down heals
2. BTo drain urine from the kidneys
3. CTo let the patient eat without chewing
4. DTo remove the whole colon permanently in a single operation

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo make the patient hungry after surgery
2. BTo treat the surgical wound in advance
3. CTo replace the general anaesthetic
4. DTo reduce anxiety

Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?

1. AMild itching of the feet the next day
2. BTingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
3. CIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
4. DA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
2. BTo decide which meal the patient will have next
3. CTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
4. DTo record when visitors come and go

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AStart a regular laxative at the same time
2. BStop eating fibre completely
3. CTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
4. DWait until there has been no stool for a week

Dua hari selepas memulakan kemoterapi untuk limfoma gred tinggi, pengeluaran air kencing pesakit menurun; kalium 6.4 mmol/L, fosfat tinggi dan kalsium rendah. Apakah yang patut disyaki dan dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ATindak balas alergi: berikan antihistamin dan teruskan seperti biasa
2. BDehidrasi biasa: galakkan cecair oral dan semak semula darah minggu depan
3. CSindrom lisis tumor: buat eskalasi, mulakan pemantauan jantung dan jangka cecair IV
4. DKesan sampingan kemoterapi yang dijangka: tiada tindakan diperlukan sehingga kitaran seterusnya

Shortly after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient says their arms feel weak and it is hard to breathe, and the BP is falling. What is most likely?

1. AA post-dural puncture headache
2. BA high spinal block
3. CA normal spinal effect
4. DAn anxiety attack