Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ASlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
2. BRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
3. CNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
4. DHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse

Dua faktor manakah yang paling lazim menyebabkan ulser peptik?

1. AMakanan pedas dan tekanan psikologi atau kerja jangka panjang
2. BJangkitan Helicobacter pylori dan NSAID
3. CMeminum susu dan memakan buah sitrus
4. DMerokok dan terlalu banyak kopi pekat

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
4. DUse only one drug at a time, never in combination

Mengapakah lecuran superfisial (kemerahan sahaja, seperti terbakar matahari) tidak dikira apabila mengira luas lecuran untuk resusitasi cecair?

1. AIa sentiasa sembuh sepenuhnya dalam sehari
2. BIa menyebabkan lebih banyak kehilangan cecair daripada kedalaman lain
3. CSawar kulit utuh, jadi sedikit cecair hilang
4. DIa sentiasa terlalu kecil untuk diukur dengan tepat pada carta

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. COpioids must never be used in people over 70
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

Pembalut manakah yang pada amnya sesuai untuk luka kering yang berslaf yang memerlukan kelembapan?

1. AHidrogel
2. BKasa kering
3. CAlginat
4. DSpan (foam)

A patient's ileostomy output is 2.5 L a day. They feel tired and dizzy and are drinking large amounts of water. Which advice is usually appropriate?

1. ALimit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
2. BDrink even more plain water and tea to replace the losses
3. CStop all drinking for 24 hours
4. DEat only fruit and fruit juice

On day 3 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has abdominal pain, fever and mild jaundice, and green fluid is draining from the drain. What is most likely?

1. AUrinary retention
2. BNormal post-operative drainage
3. CA wound haematoma
4. DA bile leak