Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which finding is typical of a perforated peptic ulcer?

1. AA soft, non-tender abdomen with loud, frequent bowel sounds
2. BSudden severe abdominal pain with a rigid, board-like abdomen
3. CSlow onset of mild pain relieved fully by eating
4. DPainless bright red bleeding from the rectum over several days

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch
2. BIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there
3. CIt affects only the liver and bile ducts
4. DIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between

Which is a main benefit of early mobilisation after surgery?

1. AFaster absorption of the anaesthetic gas
2. BLess need to check the wound at all
3. CLower risk of chest infection and blood clots
4. DIt prevents all postoperative pain

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. ABlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
2. BPupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
3. CPeak flow before and after each meal
4. DReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine

Which advice helps prevent dumping syndrome after gastrectomy?

1. AA high-sugar diet with fruit juice to keep energy levels up
2. BThree large meals a day with plenty of sweet drinks with each meal
3. CSit upright and walk briskly straight after every meal
4. DSmall, frequent meals low in simple sugars, with fluids between meals

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo check for a leg bone fracture
2. BTo find out how deep the ulcer is
3. CTo find the bacteria in the wound
4. DTo exclude significant arterial disease

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. AHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
2. BHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
3. CRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose
4. DDiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. ARaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
2. BUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
3. CSit the patient upright without any support for the feet
4. DKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets