Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the sole of the foot under the heel
2. BAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area
3. COn the front of the thigh
4. DOn the tips of the toes and between the toes

Which sign is typical of hepatic encephalopathy?

1. AA stiff neck with sensitivity to light
2. BA flapping tremor of the outstretched hands
3. CA fine rash over the chest and arms
4. DA drooping eyelid on one side

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. ARemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
2. BJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DPlacing a stent in the bile duct

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo remove any feed left in the stomach
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo check that the patient is still hungry
4. DTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall

Apakah tanda paling awal hipertermia malignan semasa anestesia?

1. APenurunan suhu badan yang berterusan
2. BKulit kemerahan dengan aras CO₂ yang menurun
3. CPeningkatan CO₂ akhir tidal yang tidak dapat dijelaskan
4. DKadar jantung yang memperlahan dan tekanan darah rendah

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ADrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
2. BAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
3. CEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
4. DEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually

On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
2. BRecord the observations and continue routine care
3. CEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
4. DGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours

Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency; give an injection now
2. BAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once
3. CEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water
4. DLate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose