Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is the normal range for serum potassium in an adult?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mmol/L
3. CAbout 1.5–2.5 mmol/L
4. DAbout 6.0–7.5 mmol/L

What does dysarthria mean?

1. AInability to read or write after a brain injury
2. BUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles
3. CDifficulty swallowing food and drink safely
4. DLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language

What is overflow incontinence?

1. ALeaking after a sudden strong urge
2. BLeaking when sneezing or jumping
3. CDribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly
4. DWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag

Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?

1. AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
2. BHigh pH and high bicarbonate
3. CLow pH and high carbon dioxide only
4. DLow pH and low bicarbonate

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water
2. BA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
3. CWeighing the patient once a month
4. DGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
2. BA patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
3. CA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
4. DA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder

A patient's glucose is 6.2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
2. BThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
3. CThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo
4. DA large snack eaten in the night by mistake