Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. APain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
2. BBending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
3. CBruising behind the ear after a head injury
4. DTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear

In neurological charting, what does PERRLA stand for?

1. APupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
2. BPulse even, regular, rate low and adequate
3. CPain eased, resting, relaxed, lying awake
4. DPatient eating, resting, reading, learning and alert at all times

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
2. BA single episode of itching
3. CA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
4. DHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment

What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

1. ATo give the patient extra fluids
2. BTo measure the size of the bladder
3. CTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
4. DTo treat a urinary infection after the operation

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ARub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling
2. BUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
3. CSmoking more will not affect the eyes
4. DStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
2. BAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
3. CSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
4. DProtein lost into the dialysis fluid

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3.1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose
2. BDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
3. CSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
4. DIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours

Two days after an ileal conduit was formed, the stoma is dark purple and dry. What should the nurse do?

1. AChange the bag and check again next week
2. BReport it urgently, because the stoma may be ischaemic
3. CApply a warm compress to improve the colour of the stoma
4. DRecord it as normal for a new stoma