Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A15.0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
2. B4.0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher
3. C7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher
4. D5.5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher

What is the normal intracranial pressure in a resting adult?

1. AAbout 20–30 mmHg
2. BAbout 5–15 mmHg
3. CAbout 40–60 mmHg
4. DAbout 80–100 mmHg

Apakah dapatan makmal utama dalam SIADH (sindrom rembesan ADH tidak sesuai)?

1. AGlukosa darah tinggi akibat rintangan insulin
2. BNatrium serum tinggi akibat kehilangan air
3. CKalsium serum rendah akibat kehilangan melalui buah pinggang
4. DNatrium serum rendah akibat pengekalan air

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
2. BInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
3. CUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
4. DAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AStop it if the urine stream improves
2. BStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
3. CExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
4. DTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
2. BA strict low-protein diet
3. CA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
4. DA high-calorie diet with enough protein

Penjagaan kejururawatan manakah yang penting bagi pesakit yang menerima manitol untuk tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat?

1. AMengapit kateter untuk mengekalkan cecair dalam badan
2. BMenghentikan carta imbangan cecair semasa rawatan
3. CMemberikan ubat secara oral bersama makanan untuk mengurangkan loya
4. DPemantauan rapi pengeluaran air kencing, natrium dan osmolaliti

Seorang pesakit dengan tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat memerlukan penyedutan endotrakeal. Pendekatan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AMenyedut sekurang-kurangnya 30 saat untuk membersihkan semua rembesan sekali gus
2. BPra-oksigenasi, pastikan setiap laluan singkat dan hadkan bilangan laluan
3. CMenyedut setiap 15 minit secara rutin, walaupun tanpa rembesan
4. DMembaringkan pesakit mendatar dengan kepala dipalingkan semasa penyedutan