Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Ciri manakah yang tipikal bagi penyakit Addison (insufisiensi adrenal primer)?

1. AKeletihan, penurunan berat badan, tekanan darah rendah dan kulit gelap
2. BTidak tahan panas, gegaran dan mata menonjol
3. CPertambahan berat badan, tekanan darah tinggi dan tanda regang ungu
4. DNatrium darah tinggi dan kalium darah rendah

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHeat rash from a high temperature
2. BA simple viral skin rash
3. CMeningococcal septicaemia
4. DAn allergic reaction to soap

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. APainless red urine with clots and weight loss
2. BLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing
3. CA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
4. DBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. AMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
2. BGive large amounts of IV fluid
3. CCheck the weight once a week
4. DEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids

A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?

1. ATo treat a low thyroid hormone level
2. BTo lower the blood pressure
3. CTo replace the missing adrenaline
4. DTo replace the missing aldosterone

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
3. CDehydration from drinking too little
4. DLiver toxicity from valproate

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. ATell the patient they must start dialysis by law
2. BAsk the family to change the patient's mind
3. CRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
4. DStop all care, because nothing more can be done

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AIV aciclovir
2. BOral prednisolone
3. COral amoxicillin
4. DIV insulin