Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the original kidney position at the back
2. BJust under the skin of the arm
3. CIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
4. DIn the chest, next to the heart

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. AInsulin
2. BThyroxine
3. CRenin
4. DBile

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods
2. BKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
3. CVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
4. DWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
2. BThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
3. CThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
4. DStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ADrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
2. BDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
3. CCut all calcium out of the diet
4. DTake extra vitamin C supplements

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. AAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
2. BExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
3. CDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up
4. DDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best

Seorang lelaki warga emas tidak membuang air kecil selama 10 jam, mengalami sakit abdomen bawah dan imbasan pundi kencing 1100 mL. Kreatinin telah meningkat. Apakah punca dan tindakan yang paling mungkin?

1. ANefropati kontras; mengatur hemodialisis kecemasan hari ini
2. BDiabetes insipidus; memberikan desmopresin dan menyekat cecair
3. CRetensi urin; memasang kateter seperti yang dipreskripsikan dan memerhatikan diuresis besar
4. DDehidrasi; memberikan bolus cecair dan menyemak semula kreatinin esok

Seorang pesakit mempunyai fistula AV lengan kiri yang dibuat semalam dan memerlukan ujian darah rutin. Arahan manakah yang paling penting?

1. AMenggunakan tourniquet yang ketat pada lengan kiri untuk mencari vena yang baik
2. BMengambil darah daripada fistula, kerana ia mudah dicari dan besar
3. CMembalut lengan kiri dengan ketat dalam bebat untuk melindungi fistula
4. DMenggunakan lengan kanan; menyemak peredaran dan getaran tangan kiri