Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
2. BLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
3. CMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
4. DWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
2. BWomen drink more fluids than men do each day
3. CWomen have more bacteria in their blood
4. DWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMeningococcal septicaemia
2. BAn allergic reaction to soap
3. CA simple viral skin rash
4. DHeat rash from a high temperature

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
2. BThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
3. CStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
4. DThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ALay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
2. BGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
3. CSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
4. DFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid
2. BStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water
3. CA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
4. DWeighing the patient once a month

Dua hari selepas kecederaan saraf tunjang C5, seorang pesakit cemas, dengan kadar pernafasan 30/min dan kapasiti vital yang menurun. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMembaringkan pesakit mendatar dengan kepala didongakkan untuk membuka saluran udara
2. BMemberikan sedatif untuk memperlahankan pernafasan dan melegakan kebimbangan
3. CMenyemak semula kapasiti vital sekali lagi dalam kira-kira 12 jam
4. DMembuat eskalasi segera: edema saraf tunjang boleh menyebabkan kegagalan pernafasan

A patient's glucose is 6.2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
2. BThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
3. CThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo
4. DA large snack eaten in the night by mistake