Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo help the new kidney make more urine each day
2. BTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
3. CTo keep the blood pressure low enough
4. DTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney

Which heart rhythm greatly increases the risk of an embolic stroke?

1. ASinus arrhythmia
2. BAtrial fibrillation
3. CSinus bradycardia
4. DFirst-degree heart block

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
2. BVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
3. CWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
4. DMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil dapagliflozin (perencat SGLT2) muntah, dengan keton darah 4.5 mmol/L tetapi glukosa hanya 11 mmol/L. Apakah yang patut disyaki?

1. AHipoglisemia akibat muntah
2. BKetoasidosis diabetes euglisemik
3. CKeadaan hiperosmolar hiperglisemik
4. DKesan sampingan biasa yang tidak memerlukan tindakan

Selepas kecederaan kepala, seorang pesakit mempunyai cecair jernih menitis dari hidung. Apakah kebimbangan utama?

1. ATindak balas alergi terhadap kontras CT
2. BSelesema biasa atau serangan demam hay
3. CKebocoran CSF akibat keretakan tengkorak
4. DHingus normal yang terhasil selepas menangis

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. ANormal ageing with mild memory loss
2. BAcute extradural haematoma
3. CChronic subdural haematoma
4. DSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. ALevothyroxine
2. BNeither, until symptoms appear
3. CHydrocortisone
4. DBoth on the same day, in any order

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
2. BThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
3. CThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
4. DVomiting proves that rejection has already happened