Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi diabetes insipidus?

1. AAir kencing cair dalam jumlah besar dan dahaga teramat sangat
2. BPengekalan cecair dengan natrium serum yang rendah
3. CAir kencing yang sangat pekat dalam jumlah kecil
4. DGlukosa darah tinggi dengan sejumlah besar glukosa dalam air kencing

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
2. BAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
3. CA kidney stone passed the week before
4. DA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier

Apakah pertolongan cemas yang betul semasa sawan tonik-klonik umum?

1. AMeletakkan sudu atau saluran udara plastik di antara gigi secepat mungkin
2. BMendudukkan orang itu tegak dan memberikan teguk air untuk mencegah tercekik
3. CMenahan lengan dan kaki dengan kuat sehingga sentakan berhenti
4. DMelapik kepala, merekod tempoh sawan dan tidak meletakkan apa-apa dalam mulut

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. AA dry, intact dressing at the site
2. BDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
3. CLight pink urine on the first day after insertion
4. DSteady urine drainage into the bag

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
2. BRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
3. CGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
4. DDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image

Pada pesakit dengan kecederaan saraf tunjang akut di C6, gambaran manakah yang menunjukkan renjatan neurogenik?

1. ATekanan darah normal, nadi laju dan demam tinggi
2. BTekanan darah tinggi, nadi perlahan dan sakit kepala berdenyut
3. CTekanan darah rendah, nadi laju dan kulit sejuk serta lembap
4. DTekanan darah rendah, nadi perlahan dan kulit hangat serta kering

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAdvise more fluids and review in a year
2. BAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
3. CReassure him, because the blood has stopped
4. DUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
2. BA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame
3. CA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
4. DA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday