Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. ADrinking a lot of water
2. BSmoking
3. CFrequent urinary infections in childhood
4. DA diet high in fruit

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. AFever, headache and a stiff neck
2. BHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass
3. CPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
4. DDysuria, frequency and urgency

Which HbA1c result is commonly used as the threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

1. A30 mmol/mol (4.9%) or higher
2. B48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher
3. C38 mmol/mol (5.6%) or higher
4. D75 mmol/mol (9.0%) or higher

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage
2. BHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down
3. CThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
4. DHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. AA dry, intact dressing at the site
2. BSteady urine drainage into the bag
3. CDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
4. DLight pink urine on the first day after insertion

Tindakan kejururawatan manakah yang membantu mencegah peningkatan tekanan intrakranial?

1. AMencegah sembelit dan menjarakkan penjagaan
2. BMembaringkan pesakit mendatar dengan pinggul dibengkokkan secara tajam
3. CMelakukan semua penjagaan dan penyedutan dalam satu sesi yang panjang
4. DMenggalakkan batuk kuat setiap jam

A patient with myasthenia gravis took extra pyridostigmine doses. They now have more weakness, heavy salivation, sweating, diarrhoea, small pupils and a slow pulse. What is most likely?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the drug
2. BA cholinergic crisis from too much medication
3. CA myasthenic crisis from too little medication
4. DA normal response to a higher dose

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. AGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong
2. BTreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
3. CAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow
4. DRecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears