Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey slow down the absorption of food
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey make the pancreas release more insulin

Which hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets make?

1. AAmylase
2. BSomatostatin
3. CGlucagon
4. DInsulin

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 0.7–1.0 mmol/L (2.8–4.0 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (8.5–10.5 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 1.0–1.5 mmol/L (4.0–6.0 mg/dL)

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

Which statement about the PSA blood test is correct?

1. AIt can be raised by benign problems as well as by cancer
2. BA normal result always rules out any prostate cancer
3. CA raised result always means prostate cancer
4. DIt is only raised in women with bladder cancer

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil karbimazol untuk hipertiroidisme melaporkan sakit tekak dan demam. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMengatur kiraan darah penuh segera untuk mencari agranulositosis
2. BMenggandakan dos untuk mengawal tiroid dengan lebih cepat
3. CMenasihati berkumur air garam dan meneruskan ubat selama seminggu
4. DMenenangkan pesakit, kerana ubat tidak mempunyai kesan sampingan darah yang serius

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAdvise more fluids and review in a year
2. BAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
3. CUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
4. DReassure him, because the blood has stopped

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday
2. BA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
3. CA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame
4. DA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help