Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
4. DThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Pernyataan manakah tentang serangan iskemia transien (TIA) yang betul?

1. AGejala pulih sepenuhnya, tetapi risiko strok tinggi, jadi semakan segera diperlukan
2. BGejala berlangsung berhari-hari dan meninggalkan kelemahan kekal pada pesakit
3. CIa disebabkan oleh pendarahan kecil ke dalam tisu otak
4. DTiada susulan diperlukan, kerana semua gejala hilang

Manakah punca prarenal yang lazim bagi kecederaan buah pinggang akut?

1. AKerosakan tubul akibat gentamisin
2. BDehidrasi atau tekanan darah rendah
3. CBatu karang buah pinggang menyekat kedua-dua ureter
4. DProstat yang membesar menyekat aliran keluar

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. ADoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
2. BRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
3. CGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
4. DGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. APhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
2. BThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
2. BKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
3. CCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
4. DStop all insulin until normal eating restarts

A patient had rapid-acting insulin before lunch, then vomited the meal 15 minutes later. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it, because vomiting raises blood glucose
2. BGive another insulin dose because the meal was lost
3. CMonitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk
4. DGive the evening long-acting insulin early to balance it

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
2. BSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
3. CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
4. DRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation