Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Bagaimanakah pesakit yang disyaki mengalami kecederaan tulang belakang patut dipusingkan?

1. ADiguling seperti kayu oleh satu pasukan dengan mengekalkan penjajaran tulang belakang
2. BDipusingkan pada bahu dahulu, kemudian pada pinggul
3. CDiangkat pada lengan dan kaki oleh seorang
4. DDiminta berguling perlahan-lahan sendiri

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. ANumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
2. BPain that is worse after a long day at work
3. CMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off
4. DBack pain that eases when walking around the house

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AUpper and lower motor neurons
2. BThe nerves of the autonomic system only
3. CThe optic nerves and retina
4. DSensory nerves in the skin only

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
2. BGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
3. CExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
4. DDysarthria from facial weakness

Kriteria kecederaan buah pinggang akut (KDIGO) manakah yang berkaitan dengan pengeluaran air kencing?

1. ADi bawah 1 L dalam 24 jam tanpa mengira pengambilan
2. BDi bawah 0.5 mL/kg/j selama 6 jam atau lebih
3. CDi bawah 2 mL/kg/j selama 1 jam
4. DSebarang perubahan warna air kencing

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
3. CAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
4. DKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
2. BA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
3. CAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
4. DHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked
2. BWhether the patient has eaten
3. CThe patient's temperature and pulse
4. DThe patient's blood glucose level