Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is urge incontinence?

1. ADribbling because the bladder never empties
2. BLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
3. CLeaking because the toilet is too far away
4. DA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
2. BKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
3. CMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods
4. DVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. ABlood in the urine that is visible
2. BSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
3. CPain felt in both kidneys at night
4. DA very low blood urea level

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ASit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
2. BLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
3. CGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
4. DFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
2. BIt is used only for a few days at a time
3. CIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle
4. DIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
3. CIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
4. DIt raises potassium to protect the heart

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. ANormal snoring
2. BAn anxiety disorder
3. CObstructive sleep apnoea
4. DNarcolepsy

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. ASay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine
2. BGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
3. CGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
4. DTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight