Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. ATwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear
2. BBruising behind the ear after a head injury
3. CPain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
4. DBending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
2. BItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
3. CSevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
4. DExcess thirst with a very high glucose

Tindakan manakah yang mesti dielakkan pada lengan dengan fistula hemodialisis?

1. AMembasuhnya dengan sabun dan air
2. BMenggerakkan lengan dengan cara biasa
3. CManset tekanan darah atau pengambilan sampel darah
4. DMerasa fistula dengan perlahan untuk getaran (thrill)

A patient takes levodopa for Parkinson's disease. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AStop the drug for a day each week to avoid tolerance
2. BThe drug cures the disease if taken for a full year
3. CThe tablets work best taken with a large steak dinner
4. DLarge high-protein meals can reduce how well the drug works

Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?

1. ABleeding from low platelets
2. BLow cholesterol
3. CHypoglycaemia
4. DVenous thrombosis

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord
2. BThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery
3. CThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
4. DThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
2. BA laxative and review in the clinic in a month
3. CAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
4. DUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
2. BTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
3. CIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
4. DExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand