Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the pancreas release more insulin
2. BThey slow down the absorption of food
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey make the kidneys pass more glucose

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. AHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass
2. BPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
3. CDysuria, frequency and urgency
4. DFever, headache and a stiff neck

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt raises blood calcium
2. BIt lowers blood glucose
3. CIt raises blood sodium
4. DIt lowers blood potassium

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ABlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes
2. BClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
3. CCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
4. DClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein

Corak elektrolit manakah yang tipikal bagi penyakit Addison?

1. ANatrium tinggi dan kalium rendah
2. BKalium rendah dan glukosa rendah
3. CNatrium rendah dan kalium tinggi
4. DKalsium tinggi dan fosfat rendah

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AStop it if the urine stream improves
2. BStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
3. CTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better
4. DExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. ACarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
2. BThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
3. CCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium

The nurse has four endocrine patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient after thyroidectomy with mild pain on swallowing
2. BA patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F)
3. CA patient with Graves' disease asking about radioactive iodine
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism who has been constipated for three days