Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which mineral is needed to make thyroid hormones?

1. AIodine
2. BZinc
3. CIron
4. DCalcium

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the original kidney position at the back
2. BJust under the skin of the arm
3. CIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
4. DIn the chest, next to the heart

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
3. CPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

Mengapakah metformin biasanya ditahan semasa kecederaan buah pinggang akut atau sekitar kontras beriodin pada pesakit berisiko?

1. AIa menyebabkan hiperkalemia apabila buah pinggang cedera
2. BIa boleh terkumpul dan meningkatkan risiko asidosis laktik
3. CIa menyebabkan hipoglisemia teruk apabila diberikan bersama kontras
4. DIa menyekat kontras supaya imbasan tidak dapat dibaca

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. AA cough and a raised potassium
2. BDry mouth and constipation
3. CWeight loss and a fast tremor
4. DDiarrhoea and heavy sweating

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
2. BThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
3. CStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
4. DThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. ALower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
2. BStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
3. CGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
4. DContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
2. BA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
3. CAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
4. DA laxative and review in the clinic in a month