Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
2. BThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
3. CThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making
4. DThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken

Kelenjar manakah yang menghasilkan kortisol?

1. APituitari posterior
2. BKorteks adrenal
3. CMedula adrenal
4. DKelenjar tiroid

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure
2. BTo prevent infection after a biopsy
3. CTo kill the tumour cells directly
4. DTo reduce swelling around the tumour

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
2. B"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
3. C"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."
4. D"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ADehydration from drinking too little
2. BA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
3. CA sign that the dose is too low
4. DLiver toxicity from valproate

Mengapakah pesakit CKD sering mengambil pengikat fosfat bersama makanan?

1. AIa meningkatkan penyerapan fosfat daripada makanan dalam usus
2. BIa mengikat fosfat makanan yang tidak dapat dikumuhkan oleh buah pinggang
3. CIa menggantikan hormon eritropoietin yang hilang
4. DIa merendahkan kalium darah dengan mengikatnya dalam usus

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ABecause diabetes cannot damage older people
2. BBecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
3. CTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
4. DTo save money on blood tests and drugs

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
2. BA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
3. CA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
4. DA patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations