Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ATaking too much insulin
2. BEating too much fruit
3. CDrinking too much water
4. DNot drinking enough water

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. AContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
2. BAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
3. CDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
4. DNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious

Apakah maksud kecederaan buah pinggang akut (AKI)?

1. APenurunan pantas fungsi buah pinggang dalam beberapa jam hingga hari
2. BJangkitan bakteria pada tisu buah pinggang
3. CKehilangan fungsi buah pinggang yang perlahan dan kekal selama bertahun-tahun
4. DBatu karang buah pinggang tanpa sebarang perubahan fungsi

Sawan telah berlangsung lima minit dan masih berterusan. Apakah rawatan ubat barisan pertama yang biasa?

1. ADos pemuat fenitoin IV sebelum apa-apa yang lain
2. BBenzodiazepin seperti lorazepam IV atau midazolam bukal
3. CAdrenalin IM ke dalam paha luar
4. DGlukosa 50% IV pada setiap pesakit, kemudian nilai semula

A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?

1. ADry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
2. BNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
3. CWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
4. DA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium

Skor Skala Koma Glasgow manakah yang biasanya menunjukkan bahawa pesakit mungkin tidak dapat melindungi saluran udaranya sendiri?

1. A13 atau di bawah
2. B15
3. C11 atau ke atas
4. D8 atau di bawah

After a TURP, a patient on bladder irrigation has bladder spasms. The drainage has slowed and contains clots, and the bag holds less than the irrigant given. What should the nurse do first?

1. ATurn off the irrigation and leave the catheter alone
2. BSuspect a clot in the catheter and follow the protocol
3. CEncourage the patient to strain to pass the clots
4. DGive an antispasmodic and recheck in four hours

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
4. DThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug